Trio/Dependencies/LoopKit/LoopKitUI/Views/FractionalQuantityPicker.swift

//
//  FractionalQuantityPicker.swift
//  LoopKitUI
//
//  Created by Michael Pangburn on 5/18/20.
//  Copyright © 2020 LoopKit Authors. All rights reserved.
//

import SwiftUI
import HealthKit
import LoopKit


/// Enables selecting the whole and fractional parts of an HKQuantity value in independent pickers.
public struct FractionalQuantityPicker: View {
    public enum UsageContext: Equatable {
        /// This picker is one component of a larger multi-component picker (e.g. a schedule item picker).
        case component(availableWidth: CGFloat)

        /// This picker operates independently.
        case independent
    }

    @Environment(\.guidanceColors) var guidanceColors
    @Binding var whole: Double
    @Binding var fraction: Double
    var unit: HKUnit
    var guardrail: Guardrail<HKQuantity>
    var selectableWholeValues: [Double]
    var fractionalValuesByWhole: [Double: [Double]]
    var usageContext: UsageContext

    /// The maximum number of decimal places supported by the picker.
    private static var maximumSupportedPrecision: Int { 3 }

    private static let wholeFormatter: NumberFormatter = {
        let formatter = NumberFormatter()
        formatter.minimumIntegerDigits = 1
        formatter.maximumFractionDigits = 0
        return formatter
    }()

    private static let fractionalFormatter: NumberFormatter = {
        let formatter = NumberFormatter()
        formatter.decimalSeparator = ""
        formatter.maximumIntegerDigits = 0
        return formatter
    }()

    public init(
        value: Binding<HKQuantity>,
        unit: HKUnit,
        guardrail: Guardrail<HKQuantity>,
        selectableValues: [Double],
        usageContext: UsageContext = .independent
    ) {
        let doubleValue = value.doubleValue(for: unit)
        let (selectableWholeValues, fractionalValuesByWhole): ([Double], [Double: [Double]]) = selectableValues.reduce(into: ([], [:])) { pair, selectableValue in
            let whole = selectableValue.whole
            if pair.0.last != whole {
                pair.0.append(whole)
            }
            pair.1[whole, default: []].append(unit.roundForPicker(value: selectableValue.fraction))
        }

        self._whole = Binding(
            get: { doubleValue.wrappedValue.whole },
            set: { newWholeValue in
                let newFractionValue = Self.matchingFraction(for: doubleValue.wrappedValue.fraction, from: fractionalValuesByWhole[newWholeValue] ?? [0.0])
                let newDoubleValue = newWholeValue + newFractionValue
                let maxValue = guardrail.absoluteBounds.upperBound.doubleValue(for: unit)
                doubleValue.wrappedValue = min(newDoubleValue, maxValue)
            }
        )
        self._fraction = Binding(
            get: { doubleValue.wrappedValue.fraction.roundedToNearest(of: fractionalValuesByWhole[doubleValue.wrappedValue.whole] ?? [0.0]) },
            set: { newFractionValue in
                let newDoubleValue = doubleValue.wrappedValue.whole + newFractionValue
                let minValue = guardrail.absoluteBounds.lowerBound.doubleValue(for: unit)
                doubleValue.wrappedValue = max(newDoubleValue, minValue)
            }
        )
        self.unit = unit
        self.guardrail = guardrail
        self.selectableWholeValues = selectableWholeValues
        self.fractionalValuesByWhole = fractionalValuesByWhole
        self.usageContext = usageContext
    }

    private static func matchingFraction(
        for currentFraction: Double,
        from supportedFractionValues: [Double]
    ) -> Double {
        currentFraction.matchingOrTruncatedValue(from: supportedFractionValues, withinDecimalPlaces: Self.maximumSupportedPrecision)
    }

    public var body: some View {
        switch usageContext {
        case .component(availableWidth: let availableWidth):
            body(availableWidth: availableWidth)
        case .independent:
            GeometryReader { geometry in
                HStack {
                    Spacer()
                    self.body(availableWidth: geometry.size.width)
                    Spacer()
                }
            }
            .frame(height: 216)
        }
    }

    func body(availableWidth: CGFloat) -> some View {
        HStack(spacing: 0) {
            QuantityPicker(
                value: $whole.withUnit(unit),
                unit: unit,
                selectableValues: selectableWholeValues,
                formatter: Self.wholeFormatter,
                isUnitLabelVisible: false,
                colorForValue: colorForWhole
            )
            .frame(width: availableWidth / 3)
            .overlay(
                Text(separator)
                    .foregroundColor(Color(.secondaryLabel))
                    .offset(x: spacing + separatorWidth),
                alignment: .trailing
            )
            .padding(.leading, usageContext == .independent ? unitLabelWidth + spacing : 0)
            .padding(.trailing, spacing + separatorWidth + spacing)
            .clipped()
            .compositingGroup()

            QuantityPicker(
                value: $fraction.withUnit(unit),
                unit: unit,
                selectableValues: fractionalValuesByWhole[whole] ?? [0.0],
                formatter: fractionalFormatter,
                colorForValue: colorForFraction
            )
            .frame(width: availableWidth / 3)
            .padding(.trailing, spacing + unitLabelWidth)
            .clipped()
            .compositingGroup()
        }
    }

    private func colorForWhole(_ whole: Double) -> Color {
        assert(whole.whole == whole)

        let fractionIfWholeSelected = Self.matchingFraction(for: fraction, from: fractionalValuesByWhole[whole] ?? [0.0])
        let valueIfWholeSelected = whole + fractionIfWholeSelected
        let quantityIfWholeSelected = HKQuantity(unit: unit, doubleValue: valueIfWholeSelected)
        return guardrail.color(for: quantityIfWholeSelected, guidanceColors: guidanceColors)
    }

    private func colorForFraction(_ fraction: Double) -> Color {
        assert(fraction.fraction == fraction)

        let valueIfFractionSelected = whole + fraction
        let quantityIfFractionSelected = HKQuantity(unit: unit, doubleValue: valueIfFractionSelected)
        return guardrail.color(for: quantityIfFractionSelected, guidanceColors: guidanceColors)
    }

    private var fractionalFormatter: NumberFormatter {
        // Mutate the shared instance to avoid extra allocations.
        Self.fractionalFormatter.minimumFractionDigits = (fractionalValuesByWhole[whole] ?? [0.0])
            .lazy
            .map { Decimal($0) }
            .deltaScale(boundedBy: Self.maximumSupportedPrecision)
        return Self.fractionalFormatter
    }

    var separator: String { "." }

    var separatorWidth: CGFloat {
        let attributedSeparator = NSAttributedString(
            string: separator,
            attributes: [.font: UIFont.preferredFont(forTextStyle: .body)]
        )

        return attributedSeparator.size().width
    }

    var spacing: CGFloat { 4 }

    var unitLabelWidth: CGFloat {
        let attributedUnitString = NSAttributedString(
            string: unit.shortLocalizedUnitString(),
            attributes: [.font: UIFont.preferredFont(forTextStyle: .body)]
        )

        return attributedUnitString.size().width
    }
}

fileprivate extension FloatingPoint {
    var whole: Self { modf(self).0 }
    var fraction: Self { modf(self).1 }
}

fileprivate extension Decimal {
    func rounded(toPlaces scale: Int, roundingMode: NSDecimalNumber.RoundingMode = .plain) -> Decimal {
        var result = Decimal()
        var localCopy = self
        NSDecimalRound(&result, &localCopy, scale, roundingMode)
        return result
    }
}

fileprivate extension Collection where Element == Decimal {
    /// Returns the maximum number of decimal places necessary to meaningfully distinguish between adjacent values.
    /// - Precondition: The collection is sorted in ascending order.
    func deltaScale(boundedBy maxScale: Int) -> Int {
        let roundedToMaxScale = lazy.map { $0.rounded(toPlaces: maxScale) }
        guard let minDelta = roundedToMaxScale.adjacentPairs().map(-).map(abs).min() else {
            return 0
        }

        return abs(Swift.min(minDelta.exponent, 0))
    }
}