import Foundation

private protocol Lock {
    func lock()
    func unlock()
}

extension Lock {
    /// Executes a closure returning a value while acquiring the lock.
    ///
    /// - Parameter closure: The closure to run.
    ///
    /// - Returns:           The value the closure generated.
    func around<T>(_ closure: () -> T) -> T {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return closure()
    }

    /// Execute a closure while acquiring the lock.
    ///
    /// - Parameter closure: The closure to run.
    func around(_ closure: () -> Void) {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        closure()
    }
}

/// An `os_unfair_lock` wrapper.
final class UnfairLock: Lock {
    private let unfairLock: os_unfair_lock_t

    init() {
        unfairLock = .allocate(capacity: 1)
        unfairLock.initialize(to: os_unfair_lock())
    }

    deinit {
        unfairLock.deinitialize(count: 1)
        unfairLock.deallocate()
    }

    fileprivate func lock() {
        os_unfair_lock_lock(unfairLock)
    }

    fileprivate func unlock() {
        os_unfair_lock_unlock(unfairLock)
    }
}

/// A thread-safe wrapper around a value.
@propertyWrapper
@dynamicMemberLookup
final class Protected<T> {
    private let lock = UnfairLock()

    private var value: T

    init(_ value: T) {
        self.value = value
    }

    /// The contained value. Unsafe for anything more than direct read or write.
    var wrappedValue: T {
        get { lock.around { value } }
        set { lock.around { value = newValue } }
    }

    var projectedValue: Protected<T> { self }

    init(wrappedValue: T) {
        value = wrappedValue
    }

    /// Synchronously read or transform the contained value.
    ///
    /// - Parameter closure: The closure to execute.
    ///
    /// - Returns:           The return value of the closure passed.
    func read<U>(_ closure: (T) -> U) -> U {
        lock.around { closure(self.value) }
    }

    /// Synchronously modify the protected value.
    ///
    /// - Parameter closure: The closure to execute.
    ///
    /// - Returns:           The modified value.
    @discardableResult func write<U>(_ closure: (inout T) -> U) -> U {
        lock.around { closure(&self.value) }
    }

    subscript<Property>(dynamicMember keyPath: WritableKeyPath<T, Property>) -> Property {
        get { lock.around { value[keyPath: keyPath] } }
        set { lock.around { value[keyPath: keyPath] = newValue } }
    }
}

extension Protected where T: RangeReplaceableCollection {
    /// Adds a new element to the end of this protected collection.
    ///
    /// - Parameter newElement: The `Element` to append.
    func append(_ newElement: T.Element) {
        write { (ward: inout T) in
            ward.append(newElement)
        }
    }

    /// Adds the elements of a sequence to the end of this protected collection.
    ///
    /// - Parameter newElements: The `Sequence` to append.
    func append<S: Sequence>(contentsOf newElements: S) where S.Element == T.Element {
        write { (ward: inout T) in
            ward.append(contentsOf: newElements)
        }
    }

    /// Add the elements of a collection to the end of the protected collection.
    ///
    /// - Parameter newElements: The `Collection` to append.
    func append<C: Collection>(contentsOf newElements: C) where C.Element == T.Element {
        write { (ward: inout T) in
            ward.append(contentsOf: newElements)
        }
    }
}

extension Protected where T == Data? {
    /// Adds the contents of a `Data` value to the end of the protected `Data`.
    ///
    /// - Parameter data: The `Data` to be appended.
    func append(_ data: Data) {
        write { (ward: inout T) in
            ward?.append(data)
        }
    }
}